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Particle-reactive radionuclides are very powerful tools in studying the cycling processes of chemical elements in the ocean. Among the naturally occurring radionuclides, ²³⁴Th, ²¹⁰Pb, and ²¹⁰Po have been used to investigate the carbon export via particle settling through the upper water column of the South China Sea and the particle removal fluxes of trace elements in the nearshore waters along the coastline of Taiwan. Both floating traps and moored sediment traps have also been deployed to directly measure the sinking fluxes of the radionuclides and trace elements in the surface and deep layers of the South China Sea.