{"id":36664,"date":"2025-09-16T13:42:05","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T05:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/?p=36664"},"modified":"2025-10-13T09:17:18","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T01:17:18","slug":"unlocking-the-past-of-the-indo-pacific-warm-pool-why-climate-proxies-tell-different-stories","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36664\/","title":{"rendered":"Unlocking the Past of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool: Why Climate Proxies Tell Different Stories"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool, the warmest expanse of ocean on Earth, drives the Walker circulation\u2014a key engine of tropical rainfall and global heat distribution. Because of its outsized role in climate, scientists need to know how the Warm Pool changed in the past. Yet, reconstructions often disagree. Foraminifera-based proxies commonly yield different temperature signals than biomarker proxies, leading to contrasting interpretations of past climate dynamics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A new study from the IONTU Paleoproxy Lab, led by postdoctoral researcher Maria Makarova and Associate Professor Sze Ling Ho, tackled this puzzle. Unlike most work, the team combined fossil data obtained from long sediment cores with modern observations from plankton nets, sediment traps, and surface sediments to clarify what each proxy actually records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Their foraminiferal clumped isotope (\u039447) results show that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~20,000 years ago) surface-dwelling foraminifera experienced strong cooling of about <strong>6.1\u00b0C<\/strong>, while thermocline dwellers cooled only <strong>1.6\u00b0C<\/strong>. This implies a weaker vertical temperature gradient and deeper thermocline than today. These findings are broadly consistent with foraminiferal Mg\/Ca data, though dissolution effects likely underestimated thermocline temperatures in Mg\/Ca records. In contrast, biomarker proxies (UK\u203237 and TEX86) suggest either a stronger or unchanged thermal gradient during the LGM. The team\u2019s analyses indicate these discrepancies reflect differences in proxy depth and sensitivity to upwelling, rather than contradictions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By integrating modern and fossil data, this work reconciles long-standing proxy conflicts and advances our understanding of how the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool\u2014and the global climate it drives\u2014responded to past climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This study was published in AGU journal <em>Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Further reading:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Makarova,&nbsp;M.,&nbsp;Tapia,&nbsp;R.,&nbsp;Mohtadi,&nbsp;M.,&nbsp;Hou,&nbsp;A.,&nbsp;Groeneveld,&nbsp;J.,&nbsp;Meckler,&nbsp;A. N.,&nbsp;&nbsp;Huang, K.-F.,&nbsp;&nbsp;Tung, R.-Y.,&nbsp;&nbsp;Iizuka, Y.,&nbsp;&nbsp;Ho, S. L.. (2025).&nbsp;Contrasting scenarios for upper ocean temperature changes at the Last Glacial Maximum inferred from inorganic and organic paleothermometers: A case study from the eastern tropical Indian Ocean.&nbsp;<em>Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology<\/em>,&nbsp;40, e2024PA004908.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2024PA004908\"><strong>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2024PA004908<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"380\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/graphic-abstract-1024x380.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/graphic-abstract-1024x380.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/graphic-abstract-768x285.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/graphic-abstract-1536x570.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/graphic-abstract-2048x760.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool, the warmest expanse of ocean on Earth, drives the Walker circulation\u2014a key engine of tropical rainfall and global heat distribution. Because of its outsized role in climate, scientists need to know how the Warm Pool changed in the past. Yet, reconstructions often disagree. Foraminifera-based proxies commonly yield different temperature signals than [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":36667,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95,119],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en","category-research-highlights"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Unlocking the Past of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool: Why Climate Proxies Tell Different Stories - Institute of Oceanography, NTU<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36664\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Unlocking the Past of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool: Why Climate Proxies Tell Different Stories - Institute of Oceanography, NTU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool, the warmest expanse of ocean on Earth, drives the Walker circulation\u2014a key engine of tropical rainfall and global heat distribution. Because of its outsized role in climate, scientists need to know how the Warm Pool changed in the past. Yet, reconstructions often disagree. Foraminifera-based proxies commonly yield different temperature signals than [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36664\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Institute of Oceanography, NTU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IONTUTW\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-16T05:42:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-13T01:17:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/graphic-abstract.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"950\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"odb_manager\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"odb_manager\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36664\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36664\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"odb_manager\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b4f9e681da36f15e2d4084dab20cd826\"},\"headline\":\"Unlocking the Past of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool: Why Climate Proxies Tell Different Stories\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-16T05:42:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-13T01:17:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36664\/\"},\"wordCount\":361,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36664\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/graphic-abstract.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"RECENT NEWS\",\"Research Highlights\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36664\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36664\/\",\"name\":\"Unlocking the Past of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool: Why Climate Proxies Tell Different Stories - 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