{"id":36375,"date":"2025-07-04T10:13:20","date_gmt":"2025-07-04T02:13:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/?p=36375"},"modified":"2025-07-04T10:15:47","modified_gmt":"2025-07-04T02:15:47","slug":"towards-a-more-accurate-reconstruction-of-ocean-temperature-variability-based-on-the-mg-ca-ratio-of-individual-foraminifera-shells-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36375\/","title":{"rendered":"A New Generation of Automated Analysis for nutrients"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Marine expedition and environmental monitoring often require the analysis of large numbers of samples for nutrients. This task typically relies on automated analyzers. Since the development of automated analytical methods in the 1970s, they have generally been categorized into three generations: the first generation\u2014Air-Segmented Flow Analysis (ASFA), the second generation\u2014Flow Injection Analysis (FIA), and the third generation\u2014Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA). Each of these three generations has its own functionalities and characteristics, but they also share certain limitations. Some persistent technical issues remain unresolved, such as carrier flow dilution, signal tailing, bubble interference, and incomplete chemical reactions. In addition, these systems depend on precision pumps to drive liquids and reagents, resulting in high commercial prices and maintenance costs for the instruments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Before his retirement, Professor Emeritus Su-Cheng Pai of our institute developed a new type of automated analytical method that cleverly overcomes the limitations of the previous three generations. The key innovation lies in integrating miniature pumps with multiple DC relays, ultimately combining the \u201cliquid pathways\u201d and \u201celectrical control circuits\u201d into a single &#8220;Integrated Electric-Liquid Manifold.&#8221; This new technology features a simple structure and low cost, yet delivers powerful performance. It effectively resolves challenging issues such as carrier flow interference, signal tailing, bubble interference, and incomplete chemical reactions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This technology, named \u201cstep-flow autoanalysis\u201d (StepFA), has been applied to the \u00a0determination of nitrite, phosphate, and silicate in environmental waters, and has been in the ACS Omega journal of the American Chemical Society. Readers may refer to: Pai, S.C. A micro-peristaltic-pump-driven step-flow autoanalyzer: application to measurement of nitrite, phosphate and silicate, <em>ACS Omega<\/em>, 2025, <em>10<\/em>, issue 25,\u00a0 27491-27500\u3002DOI: 10.1021\/acsomega.5c03305<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"284\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36377\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Figure 1. The step-flow autoanalyzer can be operated on a self-service basis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"802\" height=\"430\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2.jpg 802w, https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2-768x412.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Figure 2 The electric-liquid-integrated manifold<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Marine expedition and environmental monitoring often require the analysis of large numbers of samples for nutrients. This task typically relies on automated analyzers. Since the development of automated analytical methods in the 1970s, they have generally been categorized into three generations: the first generation\u2014Air-Segmented Flow Analysis (ASFA), the second generation\u2014Flow Injection Analysis (FIA), and the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":36080,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95,119],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en","category-research-highlights"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A New Generation of Automated Analysis for nutrients - Institute of Oceanography, NTU<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36375\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A New Generation of Automated Analysis for nutrients - Institute of Oceanography, NTU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Marine expedition and environmental monitoring often require the analysis of large numbers of samples for nutrients. This task typically relies on automated analyzers. Since the development of automated analytical methods in the 1970s, they have generally been categorized into three generations: the first generation\u2014Air-Segmented Flow Analysis (ASFA), the second generation\u2014Flow Injection Analysis (FIA), and the [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36375\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Institute of Oceanography, NTU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IONTUTW\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-07-04T02:13:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-07-04T02:15:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250421.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"577\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"672\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u660e\u8b19\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u660e\u8b19\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36375\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36375\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u660e\u8b19\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/9ce33dd1f6feaaa0042595cd3f475409\"},\"headline\":\"A New Generation of Automated Analysis for nutrients\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-07-04T02:13:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-04T02:15:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36375\/\"},\"wordCount\":292,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36375\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250421.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"RECENT NEWS\",\"Research Highlights\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36375\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/news-en\/36375\/\",\"name\":\"A New Generation of Automated Analysis for nutrients - 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