{"id":34915,"date":"2024-11-22T10:12:11","date_gmt":"2024-11-22T02:12:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/?p=34915"},"modified":"2024-11-22T11:05:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T03:05:12","slug":"seasonal-variation-of-co2-air-sea-flux-and-effects-of-warming-in-the-kuroshio-current-of-the-east-china-sea-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/research-highlights\/34915\/","title":{"rendered":"Glacial cooling reduces tropical Pacific upper ocean zonal gradients"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The tropical Pacific Ocean plays an important role in the global climate system. El Ni\u00f1o events wreak havoc worldwide by causing extreme weather and droughts. To better prepare for future changes in this region, it is crucial that climate models can accurately simulate changes in the mean state of the tropical Pacific. Unfortunately, most state-of-the-art climate models fail to reproduce the observed warming pattern of sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific over the last century.<br><br>To further evaluate the performance of these models under different atmospheric CO<sub>2<\/sub> levels, IONTU\u2019s postdoctoral researcher Alicia Hou (currently at University of Bordeaux) and associate professor Sze Ling Ho, along with their collaborators from the University of Bremen and Queen Mary University of London, collated paleotemperature estimates from past climates characterized by contrasting atmospheric CO<sub>2<\/sub> levels for comparison with model simulations (Fig. 1). Before performing proxy-model comparison, they first used ARGO data to ensure that several temperature indices commonly used in paleoclimate reconstruction can indeed capture changes in the upper ocean thermal conditions of the tropical Pacific. The team then generated a multi-model ensemble using simulations from seven state-of-the-art models based in institutions in North America, Europe, and Asia under the auspices of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). The proxy-model comparison results indicate that, similar to the warming observed over the last century, these models were unable to reproduce the tropical Pacific cooling pattern when atmospheric CO<sub>2<\/sub> levels were about half of today\u2019s levels. The discrepancies between proxies and models may stem from the fact that the models overestimate sea surface temperature changes in the eastern tropical Pacific. The proxy results also suggest that the western Pacific may warm more than the eastern Pacific if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study was published in Nature Research journal <em>Communications Earth and Environment<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hou, A., Jonkers, L., Ford, H.L., Ho, S.L<em>.<\/em>&nbsp;(2024) El Ni\u00f1o-like tropical pacific ocean cooling pattern during the last glacial maximum.&nbsp;<em>Commun Earth Environ<\/em>&nbsp;<strong>5<\/strong>, 587.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43247-024-01740-w\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43247-024-01740-w<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"968\" height=\"725\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image001-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-34923\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image001-2.png 968w, https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image001-2-768x575.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 968px) 100vw, 968px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Fig. 1: Proxy-model comparison of glacial-interglacial upper ocean temperature changes in the tropical Pacific, with the locations of proxy sites (filled circles) and the areas used for computing regional means from model simulations (black box).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The tropical Pacific Ocean plays an important role in the global climate system. El Ni\u00f1o events wreak havoc worldwide by causing extreme weather and droughts. To better prepare for future changes in this region, it is crucial that climate models can accurately simulate changes in the mean state of the tropical Pacific. Unfortunately, most state-of-the-art [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":34917,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95,119],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34915","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en","category-research-highlights"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Glacial cooling reduces tropical Pacific upper ocean zonal gradients - Institute of Oceanography, NTU<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/research-highlights\/34915\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Glacial cooling reduces tropical Pacific upper ocean zonal gradients - Institute of Oceanography, NTU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The tropical Pacific Ocean plays an important role in the global climate system. El Ni\u00f1o events wreak havoc worldwide by causing extreme weather and droughts. To better prepare for future changes in this region, it is crucial that climate models can accurately simulate changes in the mean state of the tropical Pacific. Unfortunately, most state-of-the-art [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/research-highlights\/34915\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Institute of Oceanography, NTU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IONTUTW\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T02:12:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T03:05:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image001-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1189\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"528\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u8a31 \u8559\u862d\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u8a31 \u8559\u862d\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/research-highlights\/34915\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/research-highlights\/34915\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u8a31 \u8559\u862d\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/90d5644f5c87bcd67b9999a351bcb7a5\"},\"headline\":\"Glacial cooling reduces tropical Pacific upper ocean zonal gradients\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T02:12:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T03:05:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/research-highlights\/34915\/\"},\"wordCount\":385,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/research-highlights\/34915\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image001-1.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"RECENT NEWS\",\"Research Highlights\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/research-highlights\/34915\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oc.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/research-highlights\/34915\/\",\"name\":\"Glacial cooling reduces tropical Pacific upper ocean zonal gradients - 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